Thursday, October 15, 2009
The ideal background for a technology commercialization professional
It is often said of technology commercialization is that you need a pretty diverse skill set to succeed. The mantra is that you have to know about law, science and business. I think we often pat ourselves on the back a bit too much. We are pretty well rounded compared to some of the scientists we work with who are ultra-specialized (how else would they get so good in one field?), but compared to the average middle-management-type in a Fortune 500 company, we're not really any different. They have to have some mastery of different areas too. We probably think we're quite well rounded because many of us come from a science background where the norm is to be ultra-specialized, but that's just my guess.
Truthfully, we don't dig that deeply into the business and the legal side of things. At my university, we do much more than the norm in terms of product development, but what we're doing still just barely scratches the surface of truly "knowing the business". Ditto for the legal side. We end up being knowledgeable about patent and contract law, but no more so than someone working for Microsoft is aware of anti-trust law.
We spend most of our time working in the scientific domain and without some scientific understanding, the knowledge of business and law is moot. The science understanding doesn't need to Ph.D. level, but I think you need to have some. The telling thing is not so much that someone has a B.S. in a scientific discipline, but that having that degree indicates that they were probably playing with model rockets as a kid and continue to have interests in science to this day. They are likely to have always had an inquisitive mind and probably have at least one nerdy/scientific hobby.
I also think it is very helpful having some sort of post-graduate degree.
Technology commercialization professionals spend their whole day working with Ph.D.'s and M.D.'s. I have an MBA and that is honestly viewed like it is an advanced degree in nose-picking, but at least I can speak about "graduate school" when we have to go around the table and introduce ourselves. Fair or not, some faculty can be judgmental and will tend to class people with mere bachelor degrees as beneath them.
That being said, the absolute safest way to hire entry-level professionals for a technology commercialization office is to go with people with a science background. Your hope is that you can then train them in business and law. It would make sense that you could also hire attorneys with an undergrad in History and train them in the science, but this does not work as well. Remember, we spend most of our time working in science!
You also have to consider what happens if your entry-level people don't "get it". This is a real problem and it seems like the "failure" rate for entry-level professionals is ~50%. Ouch! So, you have to consider what you are left with if candidates "wash out".
If you hire a Ph.D., you are still left with someone who can understand the science and can evaluate inventions for patentability even if they don't really enjoy negotiations or learning patent law. If you hire an MBA type who washes out and refuses to learn science and law, you're going to end up with a bunch of commercialization plans for technologies that don't work (or at least are FAR from proven) or are not patentable. They will be excited because "cancer is a huge market" even if the technology in question has little hope of success. With an attorney who washes out, I'm not sure what you have. The legal office probably won't want them to practice law from the technology commercialization office. I guess they could function as a contract paralegal and review licenses and MTAs.
There is a special circumstance of hiring patent attorneys and this is a different matter completely (and one I'll discuss later).
You also have to consider that various degrees are self-selecting in terms of the types of people who are attracted to the programs. How many Ph.D. graduate students think they will be rich and running the whole show by the time they are 30? Not many! For better or worse, the typical Ph.D. is patient. But many MBAs and JDs want to run the show when they are 25 and have been on the job for 2 weeks. Stereotyping is dangerous, but it is a certainty that you will have more discussions about "career development" with MBA and JD type employees. Its not necessarily a good policy to GE-type competitiveness in a technology commercialization office unless you are going to have GE-type management systems to reward the top performers and eliminate the poor performers.
What about salaries?
MBAs and JDs see some of their classmates get $100K plus first year packages. That is really expensive for unproven technology commercialization talent that has a 50% failure rate. You can hire young Ph.D.s for much less. A big problem with technology commercialization is that offices are not properly staffed. Cheap talent goes a LONG way to fixing that problem. Of course, you can't just operate a sweatshop because if these folks prove themselves, they are immediately attractive to any other technology commercialization office in the country, so you MUST have a plan to rapidly raise their salaries or risk losing them.
So, my only recommendation is that technology commercialization offices be generally staffed with Ph.D.s. Hire them straight out of graduate school or after they've done a post-doc for a few years. If they take to the job, you'll have good professionals. If they don't, at least you'll have a raft of people who can screen new technologies and handle the scut-work so that their more well-rounded peers are freed up to do their thing.Dean Stell's blog:
http://technologycommercialization.blog ... ology.html