In Praise of "Difficult Pleasures" by Alexander Green
Last week my brother Carter invited me to attend a performance of "King Lear" at the Blackfriars Playhouse in Staunton, Virginia.
The 300-seat playhouse is the world's only re-creation of Shakespeare's original Globe Theatre. And the resident company has received international acclaim for its performance of Shakespeare's works under their original staging conditions - a simple stage, without elaborate sets, with the audience sharing the same lights as the actors.
Lear, of course, is Shakespeare's profound and timeless exploration of the meaning of life. And the performance that evening was not just good but exceptional, with the actors clearly relishing their roles. (Funny how superior acting can bring to life qualities that lie dormant on the page.)
I confess that I have not invested as much time as I'd like reading "The Bard." But that's changing.
Like generations before me, I often complained that "Shakespeare was ruined for me in high school." You may have had the same experience.
But let's concede that Elizabethan English is a challenge for modern readers. And when we're young, it's too early for much of Shakespeare to resonate with us.
If you haven't experienced great triumphs, temptations, disappointments, love affairs, false friends, a broken heart, the corrupting influence of politics, or the pleasures and tribulations of parenthood, Shakespeare may cross your head at 30,000 feet.
Then, too, there is the way Shakespeare is often taught, especially the sonnets.
In his poem "Introduction to Poetry," former Poet Laureate Billy Collins writes that teachers often "tie the poem to a chair with rope and torture a confession out of it. They begin beating it with a hose to find out what it really means."
If that sounds eerily reminiscent of your own introduction to Shakespeare, you may want to try again.
But why bother? One reason is that Shakespeare is the presiding genius of the English language. Another is the profound enjoyment you can receive from tackling "difficult pleasures."
Let's start with Shakespeare himself. The author of 38 plays, 154 sonnets and many poems, Shakespeare arguably wrote the best poetry and prose in English.
He thought more comprehensively and originally than any writer before or since. No other playwright's works are performed more frequently. Only the Bible has been more widely translated.
Shakespeare is rightly venerated.
If I'm approaching what George Bernard Shaw called "bardolatry," consider what Bill Bryson says in his new biography "Shakespeare":
"If we take the Oxford Dictionary of Quotations as our guide, then Shakespeare produced roughly one-tenth of all the most quotable utterances written or spoken in English since its inception - a clearly remarkable proportion."
Remarkable? That billions of people have spoken the language and a single individual is responsible for roughly 10% of the most quotable things ever said is almost beyond belief.
Shakespeare's influence is so pervasive that we walk around quoting him every day without even realizing it.
Just a small sampling of phrases originally found in Shakespeare's works include flesh and blood, bated breath, tower of strength, foul play, foregone conclusion, good riddance, dead as a doornail, fool's paradise, heart of gold, Greek to me, fancy-free, devil incarnate, one fell swoop, for goodness' sake, vanish into thin air, play fast and loose, eaten me out of house and home, elbow room, go down the primrose path, in a pickle, budge an inch, cold comfort, household word, full circle, salad days, in my heart of hearts, in my mind's eye, laughing stock, love is blind, lie low, naked truth, neither rhyme nor reason, star-crossed lovers, pitched battle, pound of flesh, sea change, make short shrift, spotless reputation, set my teeth on edge, there's the rub, too much of a good thing, what the dickens, and wild goose chase.
Despite these now-common phrases, you may have been turned off by Shakespeare in the past simply because you encountered so many unfamiliar words. If so, you're in good company. Many of them were unfamiliar to his audiences 400 years ago.
Indeed, during his productive peak he was coining new words at a rate of one every two and a half lines. (Scholars claim that Hamlet alone gave audiences nearly 600 words they had never heard before.)
In his biography, Bryson points out that "among the words first found in Shakespeare are abstemious, antipathy, critical, frugal, dwindle, extract, horrid, vast, hereditary, critical, excellent, eventful barefaced, assassination, lonely, leapfrog, indistinguishable, well-read, zany, and countless others (including countless)."
Of course, Shakespeare isn't considered one of the great creative geniuses just because he kept Noah Webster awake at night. He created utterly original and consistent voices for more than 100 major characters and several hundred minor ones. In the process, he showed the world what it means to be human.
In "Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human," Harold Bloom says, "Shakespeare's uncanny power in the rendering of personality is perhaps beyond explanation. Why do his personages seem so real to us, and how could he contrive that illusion so persuasively?... The plays remain the outward limit of human achievement: aesthetically, cognitively, in certain ways morally, even spiritually."
If you haven't read Shakespeare, there's still time to discover (or re-discover) him. And perhaps you should. As Henry David Thoreau advised, "Read the best books first, or you may not have a chance to read them at all."
Even if you initially find Shakespeare complex, obscure, or "not to your taste," keep plugging. There can be deep satisfaction in difficult pleasures. By their very nature, however, they require time and persistence.
If you offer a six-year-old a choice between a hot dog or linguine with white clam sauce, for instance, he will invariably go for the frankfurter.
No surprise here. A six-year-old hasn't developed his palate.
Offer the average teenager a choice between a rap song by Snoop Doggy Dogg or Ella Fitzgerald singing a selection from the Cole Porter songbook and he'll prefer the tune where his subwoofer can be heard two blocks away.
Most of us understand why. (I went through my own "bad-haircut, loud-clothes and god-awful music" phase.)
Yet as we reach middle age and beyond, our tastes generally mature. They become more refined. We give up comic books and pulp fiction for history and literature. We play bridge, gin or poker rather than Crazy Eights or Old Maid. We may prefer a single malt scotch or glass of sauvignon blanc to a Bud Lite. (Unless, of course, there's a game on.)
In short, we begin to enjoy the challenge and mental exercise of more difficult pleasures. It's part of growing up, realizing your potential, and becoming who you are.
If you already prefer chess to checkers, The New York Times crossword puzzle to People magazine, or Sodoku to an in-flight Adam Sandler flick, we're probably in agreement here.
Aside from the sheer enjoyment of tackling more challenging pastimes, studies show that exercising your mental faculties helps prevent the onset of mild depression, dementia and other mental disabilities.
So stretch out, challenge yourself, get those brain cells moving. A few years from now you'll be the same person you are today, except for the experiences you have and the books you read.
Fortunately, there are plenty of great works out there. Few, however, are superior to Shakespeare. So pick up a recording of the sonnets, attend a play at your local theater, or rent Laurence Olivier's 1948 masterpiece "Hamlet."
And don't feel like you have to tough it out. Cheat a little - as I often do before a performance - by picking up a copy of "Shakespeare Made Easy" or "Simply Shakespeare," containing modern line-for-line translations aside the original text. Once you're familiar with the plot, the language won't be an obstacle to your enjoyment.
Spark Notes has even posted modern translations of 19 major Shakespeare works - including the sonnets - online for free.
If you revisit Shakespeare and do find him too challenging to be pleasurable, back up and read Jane Austen, Oscar Wilde or Mark Twain. Then try again. It will be time well spent.
As the Russian poet Joseph Alexandrovitch Brodsky observed, "There are worse crimes than burning books. One of them is not reading them.