Sand

[behappyalways]

The Sand Thieves: World's Beaches Become Victims of Construction Boom

http://www.spiegel.de/international/wor ... 94851.html

http://www.spiegel.de/international/wor ... 851-2.html

[behappyalways]

Fracking drives demand for sand
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/comm ... -sand.html

[behappyalways]

Fracking Boom Spurs Demand for Sand and Clouds of Dust
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-11-1 ... -dust.html

[behappyalways]

even-desert-city-dubai-imports-its-sand-this-is-why
http://www.bbc.com/capital/story/201605 ... his-is-why

[behappyalways]

How the demand for sand is killing rivers
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-41123284

[winston]

THE WORLD IS RUNNING OUT OF A RESOURCE, AND IT’S NOT OIL

A looming shortage of sand – a crucial resource once thought endless – could sink infrastructure projects, including those in China’s Belt and Road Initiative

BY LAURA VILLADIEGO

In 2016, it was revealed that Singapore have imported US$752 million in sand from Cambodia, but Cambodia only reported US$5.5 million in exports to the Lion City.

The Ministry of Construction of Vietnam, the second-largest producer of cement in Asia after China, recently warned that the country will run out of sand by 2020.

Asian countries have been some of the main contributors to sand scarcity as development booms.

Beijing’s urban growth quadrupled from 1999 to 2009, while New Delhi tripled its population in 25-years. Singapore increased its territory through land reclamation by 25 per cent over the past 200 years.

More than 70 per cent of total sand mined for construction in 2014 was used in Asia, mainly in China.

“The amount of concrete used by China in the last 4 years is equal to the quantity used by the USA in 100 years”.

Asia is slated to represent nearly 60 per cent of global infrastructure spending by 2025, mainly driven by China’s growth.

In 2019 alone, Asia will need almost 11 million tonnes of sand, of which almost 8 million will be used in solely China.

In Indonesia, several islands near Jakarta have disappeared because of illegal extraction.

In China, sand extraction has caused a dramatic decline in the water levels of Poyang Lake, the country’s largest freshwater lake.

In Cambodia, the sand extraction in the Koh Kong province has caused long-term environmental impacts in the river and coastal areas and have displaced fishing stocks.

Source: SCMP

http://www.scmp.com/week-asia/society/a ... ts-not-oil

[behappyalways]

年消耗500億噸 全球恐陷沙荒危機 民生危機｜方念華｜FOCUS全球新聞 20220427
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=PMawtn3O53c

[behappyalways]

As The World Runs Out Of Sand, Chinese 'Pirates' Profit, Plunder, & Pillage
https://www.zerohedge.com/geopolitical/ ... er-pillage